INGREDIENT
| AMOUNT
| SUBSTITUTION
|
Allspice |
1 tsp. |
1/2 tsp.
cinnamon + 1/2 tsp. ground cloves |
Apple Pie Spice |
1 tsp. |
1/2 tsp.
cinnamon, 1/4 tsp. nutmeg, 1/8 tsp. cardamon |
Arrowroot |
1 1/2
tsp. |
1 Tbls. flour |
1 1/2 tsp.
cornstarch |
Baking Powder |
1 tsp. |
1/3 tsp. baking
soda + 1/2 tsp. cream of tartar |
Bay Leaf |
1 whole |
1/4 tsp.
crushed |
Bread |
1 slice dry |
1/3 cup dry
bread crumbs |
1 slice soft |
3/4 cup soft
bread crumbs |
Broth,
Beef or Chicken |
1
cup |
1 bullion cube
disolved in 1 cup boiling water |
1 envalope
powdered broth base disolved in 1 cup boiling
water |
1 1/2 tsp.
powdered broth base disolved in boiling water |
Butter |
1 cup |
7/8 cup lard +
1/2 tsp. salt |
Buttermilk |
1
cup |
1 cup plain
yogurt |
1 cup milk + 1
Tbls. white vinegar or lemon juice |
1 cup milk + 1
3/4 tsp. cream of tartar |
Chives, chopped |
2 tsp. |
2 tsp. green
onion tops, finely chopped |
Chocolate Chips |
1 oz. |
1 oz. sweet
cooking chocolate |
Chocolate,
unsweetened |
1 oz. or square |
3 Tbls. cocoa +
1 Tbls. fat |
Cocoa |
1/4 cup |
1 oz. square
unsweetened chocolate (decrease fat in recipe by
1/2 Tbls.) |
Coconut Cream |
1 cup |
1 cup whipping
cream |
Coconut Milk |
1 cup |
1 cup whole
milk |
Corn |
1 doz. ears |
2 1/2 cup
cooked corn |
Cornmeal, self-rising |
1 cup |
7/8 cup plain,
1 1/2 Tbls. baking powder, and 1/2 tsp. salt |
Corn
Syrup |
1
cup |
1 1/4 cup light
brown sugar + 1/3 cup water |
7/8 cup honey (baked
goods will brown more) |
Corn Syrup,
Dark |
1 cup |
3/4 cup light
corn syrup + 1/4 cup light molasses |
Cornstarch
(thickening) |
1
Tbls. |
2 Tbls. all-purpose
flour |
2 Tbls.
granular tapioca |
Cracker Crumbs |
3/4 cup |
1 cup dry bread
crumbs |
Cream,
Heavy |
1
cup |
3/4 cup milk +
1/3 cup butter or margerine (if used for baking) |
1 cup
evaporated milk, undiluted |
Cream,
Light |
1
cup |
3/4 cup milk +
3 Tbls. butter or margarine (if used for baking) |
1 cup
evaporated milk, undiluted |
Cream, Whipped |
|
Chill a 13 oz.
can of evaprated milk until ice crystals form.
Add 1 tsp. lemon juice. Whip until stiff. |
Dates |
1 lb. |
2 1/2 cup
pitted |
Dill Plant,
Fresh or Dried |
3 heads |
1 Tbls. dill
weed |
Egg,
whole, uncooked |
1
large, 3 Tbls. |
3 Tbls. + 1 tsp.
thawed frozen egg |
2 1/2 Tbls.
sifted, dry whole egg powder + 2 1/2 Tbls.
lukewarm water |
2 yolks + 1
Tbls. water (for cookies) |
2 yolks (in
custards, cream fillings, and similar mixtures) |
Eggs,
uncooked |
1
cup |
5 large eggs |
6 medium eggs |
Egg
White |
1
large, 2 Tbls. |
2 tsp. thawed
frozen egg whites |
2 Tbls. sifted,
dry egg white powder + 2 Tbls. warm water |
1 cup |
8 large egg
whites |
Egg
Yolk |
1
yolk, 1 1/2 Tbls. |
3 1/2 Tbls.
thawed frozen egg yolk |
2 Tbls. sifted,
dried egg yolk |
1 cup |
12 large egg
yolks |
Flour,
All-Purpose (for thickening) |
1
Tbls. |
1 1/2 tsp.
cornstarch |
1 Tbls.
granular tapioca |
1 Tbls. waxy
rice flour |
2 Tbls. browned
flour |
1 1/2 Tbls.
whole wheat flour |
1 Tbls. quick-cooking
tapioca |
Flour,
All-Purpose |
1
cup, sifted |
1 cup + 2 Tbls.
cake flour |
1 cup rolled
oats, crushed |
1/2 cup
cornmeal, bran, or rice flour + 1/2 cup all-purpose
flour |
1 cup rye or
rice flour |
1/4 cup soybean
flour + 3/4 cup all-purpose flour |
1
lb. |
4 cups sifted |
3 1/3 cups
unsifted |
Flour, Cake |
1 cup sifted |
1 cup minus 2
tsp. all-purpose flour, sifted |
Flour, Self-Rising |
1 cup |
1 cup minus 2
tsp. all-purpose flour, 1 1/2 tsp. baking powder,
and 1/2 tsp. salt |
Fruit, Fresh,
Cut Up |
1 1/2 cups |
16 oz. can,
drained |
Garlic |
1
clove |
1 tsp. chopped garlic |
1/2 tsp. minced garlic |
1/8 tsp. garlic powder |
1/2 tsp. garlic flakes |
1/4 tsp. granulated
garlic |
1/2 tsp. garlic juice |
Garlic Salt |
1 tsp. |
1/8 tsp. garlic
powder + 7/8 tsp. salt |
Gelatin,
Flavored |
3 oz. |
1 Tbls. plain
gelatin + 2 cup fruit juice |
Ginger |
1/8
tsp. |
1 tsp. candied
ginger, rinsed in water to remove sugar, then
finley cut |
1 Tbls. raw
ginger |
Herbs, fresh |
1 Tbls. chopped |
1/2 tsp. dried
crushed herb |
Honey |
1 cup |
1 1/4 cup sugar
+ 1/4 cup water |
Horseradish |
1 Tbls. |
2 Tbls. bottled
fresh |
Ketchup |
1 cup |
1 cup tomato
sauce, 1/4 cup brown sugar, and 2 Tbls. vinegar |
Lemon Juice |
1 tsp. |
1/2 tsp. white
vinegar |
Lemon
Peel, dried |
1
tsp. |
1 to 2 tsp.
fresh grated |
1/2 tsp. lemon
extract |
Lime |
1 med. |
1 1/2 - 2 Tbls.
juice |
Maple
Sugar (grated and packed) |
1/2
cup |
1 cup maple
syrup |
1 Tbls.
granulated sugar |
Marshmallows,
mini |
1 cup |
8-10 regular |
Mayonnaise
(for salad dressings) |
1
cup |
1/2 cup plain
yogurt + 1/2 cup mayonnaise |
1 cup sour
cream |
1 cup cottage
cheese, pureed |
Milk,
skim |
1
cup |
4 - 5 Tbls. non-fat
dry milk powder + enough water to make 1 cup |
1/2 cup
evaporated milk + 1/2 cup water |
Milk,
Sweetened, Condensed |
1
can |
Heat the
following until butter melts and sugar is
disolved: 1/3 cup + 2 Tbls. evaporated milk, 1
cup sugar, and 3 Tbls. butter |
Add 1 cup + 2
Tbls. dry milk to 1/2 cup warm water. Add 3/4 cup
sugar and 3 Tbls. melted butter. Stir until
smooth. |
Milk,
Whole |
1
cup |
1 cup
reconstituted non-fat dried milk + 2 Tbls. melted
butter |
1/2 cup
evaporated milk + 1/2 cup water |
4 Tbls whole
dry milk + 1 cup water (for use in baking) |
Mushrooms,
Fresh |
1
Lb. |
2 - 3 cups
whole |
5 cups sliced |
(1) 10 oz. can |
Mushrooms,
Canned |
4
oz. |
2 cups sliced
fresh |
6 Tbls. whole
dried mushrooms |
Mustard, Dry |
1 tsp. |
1 Tbls.
prepared mustard |
Onion, Fresh |
1 small |
rehydrate 1
Tbls. instant minced onion |
Onion
Powder |
1
Tbls. |
1 medium onion,
chopped |
4 Tbls. fresh
chopped onion |
Onions |
1
Lb. |
3 large onions |
2 - 2 1/2 cup
chopped |
Orange
Peel, Dried |
1
Tbls. |
2 - 3 Tbls.
grated fresh orange peel |
grated peel of
1 med. orange |
2 tsp. |
1 tsp. orange
extract |
Parsley, Dried |
1 tsp. |
3 tsp. fresh
parsley, chopped |
Peppers, green
bell |
1 Tbls. dried |
3 Tbls. fresh
green pepper, chopped |
Peppers,
red bell |
1
Tbls. dried |
3 Tbls. fresh
red pepper, chopped |
2 Tbls. chopped
pimento |
Peppermint,
dried |
1 Tbls. |
1/4 cup chopped
fresh mint |
Pimento |
2
Tbls. |
1 Tbls. dried
red bell pepper, rehydrated |
3 Tbls. fresh
red bell pepper, chopped |
Pumpkin Pie
Spice |
1 tsp. |
1/2 tsp.
cinnamon, 1/4 tsp. ginger, 1/8 tsp. allspice, 1/8
tsp. nutmeg |
Shortening,
Melted |
1 cup |
1 cup cooking
oil |
Shortening,
Solid |
1
cup |
1 cup minus 2
Tbls. lard |
1 1/8 cup
butter (decrease salt in recipe by 1/2 tsp.) |
Sour
Cream |
1
cup |
3/4 cup
buttermilk + 1/3 cup butter or margarine |
1 cup plain
yogurt |
3/4 cup milk, 3/4
tsp. lemon juice, and 1/3 cup butter or margerine |
Spearmint,
Dried |
1 Tbls. |
1/4 cup fresh
chopped mint |
Sugar,
Brown |
1 cup packed |
1 cup granular
sugar |
1 Lb. |
2 1/2 cups
firmly packed |
Sugar, powdered |
1 Lb. |
2 3/4 cups |
Sugar,
granulated |
1 Lb. |
2 1/4 cups |
1 tsp. |
1/8 tsp. non-caloretic
sweetener solution |
1
cup |
1 1/2 cup corn
syrup (decrease liquid in recipe by 1/4 cup) |
1 1/3 cup
molasses (decrease liquid in recipe by 1/3 cup) |
1 cup powdered
sugar |
1 cup brown
sugar, firmly packed |
3/4 cup honey (decrease
liquid in recipe by 1/4 cup; for each cup of
honey used, add 1/2 tsp. baking soda) |
Tapioca,
granular |
1 Tbls. |
2 Tbls. pearl
tapioca |
Tomato Juice |
1 cup |
1/2 cup tomato
sauce + 1/2 cup water |
Worcestershire
Sauce |
1 tsp. |
1 tsp. bottled
steak sauce |
Yogurt,
Plain |
1
cup |
1 cup
buttermilk |
1 cup cottage
cheese, pureed |
1 cup sour
cream |